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1. Malaysian
Urban Rural National Indicators Network for Sustainable Development (MURNInets) is
innovative system to determine the sustainability level of an urban-rural area
by using a set of indicators. It
has embedded a culture along with the knowledge of evaluating sustainability
amongst urban-rural
areas.
2. The
program enables the tracking of the
sustainability status of an urban-rural areas whether it has increased, reduced
or static. Analysis of scoring indicators can assist local authorities to
identify programs for enhancing their sustainability urban-rural areas.
3 It
gives important information to technical agencies and local authorities with
regards to the state of environment of their area of concerns that will enable
them to improve urban services and take necessary measure.
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1. Malaysia
has manifested her strong support in promoting Sustainable Development Agenda
since the idea was first mooted in early eighties through the Brundtland
Report in1987;
2. Malaysia
recognized the importance of protecting the environment through spatial
development mechanism i.e through sustainable use of land or
natural resources. The Town and Country Planning Act was drafted and endorsed
in1976 in the Parliament and is use to regulate land use activities in the
country.
3. Malaysia
has pledged her commitment to implement Sustainable Development Agenda through
the Rio +5 in 1992. This has resulted to the formation of the National
Environmental Policy that gives emphasis on the importance of environmental
consideration in related plans policies and programmes.
4. Malaysia
indicated her commitment to strive for “a balance between economic development,
social development and environmental protection as these are interdependent and
mutually reinforcing components of sustainable development”. The performance of
the effectiveness of the the policies are being monitored
through MURNInets
report where the performance of local authorities will be assessed based on the
36 indicators established under the
system.
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1. In
1998, initially 56 indicators were identified to be used to rank the
sustainability level of towns and cities comprises 11 sectors namely
demography, housing, city economy, utility and infrastructure, community
facilities and recreation, environment, sociology and social impacts, land use,
tourism and heritage, transportation and accessibility, management and finance
2. MURNInet’s pilot project was
launched on six cities in Malaysia in 2002 i.e Georgetown, Johor Bahru,
Kuantan, Kuching, Pasir Mas and Batu Pahat. In 2010, two more indicators were
added which was intended to address issues related to public transportation and
public amenities.
3. In
2011 after 10 years of implementation FDTCP, has agreed to review the framework
and overall content of MURNInet. The
review has resulted in the rebranded of MURNInet
which now known as the Malaysian Urban Rural National
Indicators Network for Sustainable Development (MURNInets).
4. The
review asserts that indicators are no longer grouped according to “sectors” but
rather according to dimensions better reflects the sustainable development
concept which is a cross and multisectoral
concept encompassing all pillars of development.
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1. The MURNInets
system at present has 36 indicators which has been identified and constructed
based on Sustainable Development Strategies, Sustainable Development Goals +
Objectives.
2. It is
made up of 6 dimensions namely Economic Development, Optimum Use of Land and
Natural Resources, Infrastructure and Transport, Environmental Quality,
Sustainable Communities and Effective Governance. 36
selected indicators are grouped under 21 themes under 6 dimensions - that
reflect the level of sustainability of rural and urban areas has been agreed
3. We
have aspired to achieve a good balance between social, economic and
environmental aspects including some perspectives on happiness of communities
under Dimension. Sustainable Communities.
4. Happiness
Index survey was introduced as one of the indicators under the theme of Quality
of Life to meet the current development trend that emphasizes non the
well-being of the community.
5. New
technique of analysis (AHP) to derive at the Sustainability Index - by giving
weights to each dimension, themes and indicators. Most of the targets and
standards for the indicators used were adjusted according to Local Authority
hierarchy.
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1. The improvement and strengthening of MURNInet
shall give a better reflection on the
progress towards sustainable development in Malaysia. MURNInets can
be monitored using the developed indices in a wider sense in terms of urban
development and work as a guideline for urban managers towards sustainable
cities.
2. Happiness index
as a framework for decision-making and policy development. Happiness index of
the people provides guidance to local authorities interested in improving the
level of well-being people
3. Everyone who
wishes to can find something that keeps them engaged and energetic in their
work and their community, and in that way create a vibrant city.
4. The challenge
for us now is to overcome our constraints and expand the mental and cultural
space that we have, so that everyone who wishes to can find something that
keeps them engaged and energetic in their work and their community, and in that
way create a vibrant and sustainable
city.
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