Federal Department of Town and Country Planning (FDTCP) is committed to promote an integrated and holistic approach to planning and building sustainable cities through support to local authorities, efficient transportation and communication networks, greener buildings and an efficient human settlements and service delivery system, improved air and water quality, reduced waste, improved disaster preparedness and response and increased climate resilience.FDTCP efforts towards achieving sustainable development in the country can been seen through the following planning instruments and policies
National Urbanisation Policy (NUP)
The necessity of preparing the National Urbanisation Policy (NUP) was emphasised in the 8th and 9th Malaysia Plans. Its formulation is crucial to improve the effectiveness of urban service quality to create safe, systematic, modern and attractive cities. Urban development must be steered towards the creation of an environment that offers peaceful community living, which requires equilibrium in physical, economic, social and environmental development aspects. The NUP will guide and coordinate the planning and urban development of the country to be more efficient and systematic particularly to handle the increase in the urban population by 2020 with emphasis on balancing the social, economic and physical development within urban areas.
It also serve as the foundation to encourage racial integration and solidarity for those who will reside in the urban areas. The NUP is the main thrust for all urban planning and development activities in Peninsular Malaysia including development plans at the state and local level. This policy will outline the thrust, policy, measures and implementation plan to coordinate and manage the urbanisation process of the country. The NUP is formulated on six thrusts as follows;
i. An efficient and sustainable urban development.
ii. Development of an urban economy that is resilient, dynamic and competitive.
iii. An integrated and efficient urban transportation system.
iv. Provision of urban services, infrastructure and utility of quality.
v. Creation of a conducive liveable urban environment with identity.
vi. Effective urban governance.
The National Physical Plan (NPP)
The legal foundation for the National Physical Plan (NPP) is the Town and Country Planning Act 1976 (revised in 2001). FDTCP is responsible for drafting the plan. The NPP concept was introduced as a result of amendments to the Town and Country Planning Act in 2001. The first NPP was approved in 2005. This NPP covers the period from 2006 to 2020. Pursuant to the Town and Country Planning Act, NPP must be reviewed every five years in conjunction with the Five-Year Plan (i.e. the Malaysia Plan).
NPP is developed out of a collaborative process between the federal government and the states. The plan itself is formulated in accordance with the objectives of urbanization and other relevant sectoral policies. The revised NPP (NPP-2) was approved on August 2010. The stated objective of NPP-2 is "to create an efficient, equitable and sustainable national spatial framework to guide the overall development of the country towards achieving a high-income and developed nation status by 2020".
Additional policies and measures formulated in NPP-2 include matters regarding climate change, protection of biodiversity, green and new technology, as well as sustainable tourism. Also included in NPP-2 is the outline measures to achieve goals of six National Key Result Areas (NKRAs) such as reduction of crime rate, widening access to affordable and quality education, raising the living standard of the poor, improving infrastructure in rural areas, improving public transport, which were set out in the course of introducing outcome-based approach into public sector programmes.
NPP-2 sets out a national spatial strategy for Peninsular Malaysia known as “Concentrated Decentralisation”. Its key strategies are to: (1) focus development along potential growth corridors (e.g. urban and industrial development, agriculture, tourism, transportation network, infrastructure and urban services); (2) focus urban development in selected urban conurbations and key urban areas; (3) spread development to lagging and non-urbanised regions; and (4) provide access to ecotourism and agricultural resources; Above (2) takes over and expands the “Selective Concentration” strategy set out in the first NPP which aimed at national development through promoting growth of major conurbations such as Kuala Lumpur, George Town, Johor Bahru, Kuantan.
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